Fontbakery Technical Report

If you think a check is flawed or have an idea for a check, please file an issue at https://github.com/fonttools/fontbakery/issues and remember to include a pointer to the repo and branch you're checking.

Summary

💥 ERROR 🔥 FAIL ⚠️ WARN ⏩ SKIP ℹ️ INFO ✅ PASS
0 12 18 63 9 139
0% 7% 10% 35% 5% 77%

Note: The following loglevels were omitted in this report: SKIP, INFO, PASS, DEBUG

Meaning of check results:

If you get ERRORs, please help us improve the tool by reporting them at our issue tracker.

(but other kinds of bug reports and/or feature requests are also always welcome, of course!)

FontBakery version: 0.9.2

Section: Google Fonts

🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩ℹ️ℹ️ℹ️ℹ️ℹ️ℹ️ℹ️

Checking OS/2 achVendID.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/vendor_id>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    OS/2 VendorID value 'CDK ' is not yet recognized. If you registered it recently, then it's safe to ignore this warning message. Otherwise, you should set it to your own unique 4 character code, and register it with Microsoft at https://www.microsoft.com/typography/links/vendorlist.aspx [code: unknown]

Check Google Fonts glyph coverage.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/glyph_coverage>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    Missing required codepoints:

    - 0x0312 (COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE)
    

    [code: missing-codepoints]

Check for codepoints not covered by METADATA subsets.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/metadata/unreachable_subsetting>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    The following codepoints supported by the font are not covered by any subsets defined in the font's metadata file, and will never be served. You can solve this by either manually adding additional subset declarations to METADATA.pb, or by editing the glyphset definitions.

    • U+0251 LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+02BE MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+02BF MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+02C7 CARON: try adding one of: tifinagh, canadian-aboriginal
    • U+02C8 MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+02C9 MODIFIER LETTER MACRON: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+02CA MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+02CB MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+02CC MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+02D8 BREVE: try adding canadian-aboriginal
    • U+02D9 DOT ABOVE: try adding canadian-aboriginal
    • U+02DB OGONEK: try adding canadian-aboriginal
    • U+02DD DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+0300 COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT: try adding one of: tai-le, coptic, cherokee
    • U+0301 COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT: try adding one of: tai-le, coptic, cherokee, tifinagh
    • U+0302 COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT: try adding one of: tifinagh, coptic, cherokee
    • U+0303 COMBINING TILDE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+0304 COMBINING MACRON: try adding one of: tifinagh, coptic, gothic, cherokee
    • U+0306 COMBINING BREVE: try adding tifinagh
    • U+0307 COMBINING DOT ABOVE: try adding one of: tai-le, tifinagh, coptic, malayalam, canadian-aboriginal
    • U+0308 COMBINING DIAERESIS: try adding one of: tai-le, coptic, gothic
    • U+0309 COMBINING HOOK ABOVE: try adding tifinagh
    • U+030A COMBINING RING ABOVE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+030B COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT: try adding cherokee
    • U+030C COMBINING CARON: try adding one of: tai-le, cherokee
    • U+031B COMBINING HORN: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+0323 COMBINING DOT BELOW: try adding one of: tifinagh, coptic, malayalam, cherokee
    • U+0324 COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW: try adding cherokee
    • U+0326 COMBINING COMMA BELOW: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+0327 COMBINING CEDILLA: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+0328 COMBINING OGONEK: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+032E COMBINING BREVE BELOW: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+0331 COMBINING MACRON BELOW: try adding one of: tifinagh, gothic, cherokee
    • U+03C0 GREEK SMALL LETTER PI: try adding greek
    • U+2007 FIGURE SPACE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2010 HYPHEN: try adding one of: kayah-li, kharoshthi, sundanese, lisu, coptic, kaithi, syloti-nagri, cham, arabic
    • U+2012 FIGURE DASH: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2015 HORIZONTAL BAR: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2021 DOUBLE DAGGER: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2030 PER MILLE SIGN: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2070 SUPERSCRIPT ZERO: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2075 SUPERSCRIPT FIVE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2076 SUPERSCRIPT SIX: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2077 SUPERSCRIPT SEVEN: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2078 SUPERSCRIPT EIGHT: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2079 SUPERSCRIPT NINE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+207D SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+207E SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+207F SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2080 SUBSCRIPT ZERO: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2081 SUBSCRIPT ONE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2082 SUBSCRIPT TWO: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2083 SUBSCRIPT THREE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2084 SUBSCRIPT FOUR: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2085 SUBSCRIPT FIVE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2086 SUBSCRIPT SIX: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2087 SUBSCRIPT SEVEN: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2088 SUBSCRIPT EIGHT: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2089 SUBSCRIPT NINE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+208D SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+208E SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+210A SCRIPT SMALL G: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2117 SOUND RECORDING COPYRIGHT: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2120 SERVICE MARK: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2126 OHM SIGN: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+212E ESTIMATED SYMBOL: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2153 VULGAR FRACTION ONE THIRD: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2154 VULGAR FRACTION TWO THIRDS: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+215B VULGAR FRACTION ONE EIGHTH: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+215C VULGAR FRACTION THREE EIGHTHS: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+215D VULGAR FRACTION FIVE EIGHTHS: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+215E VULGAR FRACTION SEVEN EIGHTHS: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2190 LEFTWARDS ARROW: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2192 RIGHTWARDS ARROW: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2202 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2206 INCREMENT: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+220F N-ARY PRODUCT: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2211 N-ARY SUMMATION: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2219 BULLET OPERATOR: try adding tai-tham
    • U+221A SQUARE ROOT: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+221E INFINITY: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+222B INTEGRAL: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2248 ALMOST EQUAL TO: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2260 NOT EQUAL TO: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2264 LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+2265 GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+25A0 BLACK SQUARE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+25B2 BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+25B3 WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+25B6 BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+25B7 WHITE RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+25BC BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+25BD WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+25C0 BLACK LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+25C1 WHITE LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+25C6 BLACK DIAMOND: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+25CA LOZENGE: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+F8FF : not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+FB01 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI: not included in any glyphset definition
    • U+FB02 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL: not included in any glyphset definition

    Or you can add the above codepoints to one of the subsets supported by the font: menu, latin, latin-ext, thai, vietnamese [code: unreachable-subsetting]

Check license file has good copyright string.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/license/OFL_copyright>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    First line in license file is:

    "copyright (c) 2015, cadson demak (info@cadsondemak.com)"

    which does not match the expected format, similar to:

    "Copyright 2022 The Familyname Project Authors (git url)" [code: bad-format]

Check copyright namerecords match license file.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/name/license>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    License file OFL.txt exists but NameID 13 (LICENSE DESCRIPTION) value on platform 3 (WINDOWS) is not specified for that. Value was: "This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1." Must be changed to "This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. This license is available with a FAQ at: https://scripts.sil.org/OFL" [code: wrong]

METADATA.pb subsets should be alphabetically ordered.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/metadata/subsets_order>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    METADATA.pb subsets are not sorted in alphabetical order: Got ['menu', 'latin', 'latin-ext', 'thai', 'vietnamese'] and expected ['latin', 'latin-ext', 'menu', 'thai', 'vietnamese'] [code: not-sorted]

METADATA.pb font.full_name and font.post_script_name fields have equivalent values ?

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/metadata/match_fullname_postscript>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    METADATA.pb font full_name = "Chonburi" does not match post_script_name = "Chonburi-Regular" [code: mismatch]

Copyright notices match canonical pattern in METADATA.pb

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/metadata/valid_copyright>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    METADATA.pb: Copyright notices should match a pattern similar to: "Copyright 2020 The Familyname Project Authors (git url)" But instead we have got: "copyright (c) 2015, cadson demak (info@cadsondemak.com)" [code: bad-notice-format]

Copyright notices match canonical pattern in fonts

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/font_copyright>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    Name Table entry: Copyright notices should match a pattern similar to: "Copyright 2019 The Familyname Project Authors (git url)" But instead we have got: "Copyright (c) 2015, Cadson Demak (info@cadsondemak.com)" [code: bad-notice-format]

Check font names are correct

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/font_names>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    Regular missing from full name [code: lacks-regular]

PPEM must be an integer on hinted fonts.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/integer_ppem_if_hinted>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    This is a hinted font, so it must have bit 3 set on the flags of the head table, so that PPEM values will be rounded into an integer value.

    This can be accomplished by using the 'gftools fix-hinting' command:

    # create virtualenv
    python3 -m venv venv
    # activate virtualenv
    source venv/bin/activate
    # install gftools
    pip install git+https://www.github.com/googlefonts/tools
    

    [code: bad-flags]

Are there caret positions declared for every ligature?

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/ligature_carets>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    This font lacks caret position values for ligature glyphs on its GDEF table. [code: lacks-caret-pos]

A static fonts directory with at least two fonts must accompany variable fonts

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/repo/vf_has_static_fonts>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    Please consider adding a subdirectory called "static/" and including in it static font files. [code: missing]

Check if the vertical metrics of a family are similar to the same family hosted on Google Fonts.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/vertical_metrics_regressions>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    Chonburi: OS/2 sTypoAscender is 750 when it should be 950 [code: bad-typo-ascender]

On a family update, the DESCRIPTION.en_us.html file should ideally also be updated.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/description/family_update>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    The DESCRIPTION.en_us.html file in this family has not changed in comparison to the latest font release on the google/fonts github repo. Please consider mentioning note-worthy improvements made to the family recently. [code: description-not-updated]

OS/2.fsSelection bit 7 (USE_TYPO_METRICS) is set in all fonts.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/os2/use_typo_metrics>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    OS/2.fsSelection bit 7 (USE_TYPO_METRICS) wasNOT set in the following fonts: ['/Users/simon/others-repos/fonts/ofl/chonburi/Chonburi-Regular.ttf']. [code: missing-os2-fsselection-bit7]

Ensure fonts have ScriptLangTags declared on the 'meta' table.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/meta/script_lang_tags>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    This font file does not have a 'meta' table. [code: lacks-meta-table]

Section: Universal

🔥🔥⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩⏩ℹ️ℹ️

Checking OS/2 usWinAscent & usWinDescent.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/family/win_ascent_and_descent>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    OS/2.usWinAscent value should be equal or greater than 1072, but got 950 instead [code: ascent]

  • 🔥 FAIL

    OS/2.usWinDescent value should be equal or greater than 401, but got 250 instead [code: descent]

Checking OS/2 Metrics match hhea Metrics.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/os2_metrics_match_hhea>
🔥 Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • 🔥 FAIL

    OS/2 sTypoAscender (750) and hhea ascent (950) must be equal. [code: ascender]

Check font contains no unreachable glyphs

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/unreachable_glyphs>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    The following glyphs could not be reached by codepoint or substitution rules:

    - breveacute
    
    - brevegrave
    
    - brevehookabove
    
    - brevetilde
    
    - circumflexacute
    
    - circumflexgrave
    
    - circumflexhookabove
    
    - circumflextilde
    
    - dieresisacute
    
    - dieresiscaron
    
    - dieresisgrave
    
    - uni0326.1
    

    [code: unreachable-glyphs]

Check if each glyph has the recommended amount of contours.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/contour_count>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    This check inspects the glyph outlines and detects the total number of contours in each of them. The expected values are infered from the typical ammounts of contours observed in a large collection of reference font families. The divergences listed below may simply indicate a significantly different design on some of your glyphs. On the other hand, some of these may flag actual bugs in the font such as glyphs mapped to an incorrect codepoint. Please consider reviewing the design and codepoint assignment of these to make sure they are correct.

    The following glyphs do not have the recommended number of contours:

    - Glyph name: Q	Contours detected: 3	Expected: 2
    
    - Glyph name: uni00AD	Contours detected: 1	Expected: 0
    
    - Glyph name: uni0E55	Contours detected: 2	Expected: 1 or 3
    
    - Glyph name: uni20A6	Contours detected: 4	Expected: 1, 3 or 5
    
    - Glyph name: Q	Contours detected: 3	Expected: 2
    
    - Glyph name: fi	Contours detected: 1	Expected: 3
    
    - Glyph name: fl	Contours detected: 1	Expected: 2
    
    - Glyph name: uni00AD	Contours detected: 1	Expected: 0
    
    - Glyph name: uni0E55	Contours detected: 2	Expected: 1 or 3
    
    - Glyph name: uni20A6	Contours detected: 4	Expected: 1, 3 or 5
    

    [code: contour-count]

Does the font contain a soft hyphen?

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/soft_hyphen>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    This font has a 'Soft Hyphen' character. [code: softhyphen]

Check math signs have the same width.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/math_signs_width>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    The most common width is 570 among a set of 10 math glyphs. The following math glyphs have a different width, though:

    Width = 572: divide, equal, approxequal [code: width-outliers]

Checking Vertical Metric Linegaps.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/linegaps>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    OS/2 sTypoLineGap is not equal to 0. [code: OS/2]

Check accent of Lcaron, dcaron, lcaron, tcaron (derived from com.google.fonts/check/alt_caron)

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/alt_caron:googlefonts>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    Lcaron is decomposed and therefore could not be checked. Please check manually. [code: decomposed-outline]

  • ⚠️ WARN

    dcaron is decomposed and therefore could not be checked. Please check manually. [code: decomposed-outline]

  • ⚠️ WARN

    lcaron is decomposed and therefore could not be checked. Please check manually. [code: decomposed-outline]

  • ⚠️ WARN

    tcaron is decomposed and therefore could not be checked. Please check manually. [code: decomposed-outline]

Section: fontbakery.profiles.dsig

⚠️

Does the font have a DSIG table?

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/dsig>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    This font has a digital signature (DSIG table) which is only required - even if only a placeholder - on old programs like MS Office 2013 in order to work properly. The current recommendation is to completely remove the DSIG table. [code: found-DSIG]

Section: fontbakery.profiles.gdef

⚠️

Check mark characters are in GDEF mark glyph class.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/gdef_mark_chars>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    The following mark characters could be in the GDEF mark glyph class: acutecomb (U+0301), dotbelowcomb (U+0323), gravecomb (U+0300), hookabovecomb (U+0309), tildecomb (U+0303), uni0302 (U+0302), uni0304 (U+0304), uni0306 (U+0306), uni0307 (U+0307), uni0308 (U+0308), uni030A (U+030A), uni030B (U+030B), uni030C (U+030C), uni031B (U+031B), uni0324 (U+0324), uni0326 (U+0326), uni0327 (U+0327), uni0328 (U+0328), uni032E (U+032E), uni0331 (U+0331), uni0E31 (U+0E31), uni0E34 (U+0E34), uni0E35 (U+0E35), uni0E36 (U+0E36), uni0E37 (U+0E37), uni0E38 (U+0E38), uni0E39 (U+0E39), uni0E3A (U+0E3A), uni0E47 (U+0E47), uni0E48 (U+0E48), uni0E49 (U+0E49), uni0E4A (U+0E4A), uni0E4B (U+0E4B) and uni0E4C (U+0E4C) [code: mark-chars]

Section: fontbakery.profiles.gpos

⚠️

Does GPOS table have kerning information? This check skips monospaced fonts as defined by post.isFixedPitch value

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/gpos_kerning_info>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    GPOS table lacks kerning information. [code: lacks-kern-info]

Section: Shaping Checks

⚠️⚠️⏩⏩⏩

Ensure dotted circle glyph is present and can attach marks.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/dotted_circle>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    No dotted circle glyph present [code: missing-dotted-circle]

Ensure soft_dotted characters lose their dot when combined with marks that replace the dot.

Check ID: <FontBakeryCheck:com.google.fonts/check/soft_dotted>
⚠️ Chonburi-Regular.ttf
  • ⚠️ WARN

    The dot of soft dotted characters used in orthographies must disappear in the following strings: i̊ i̋ j̀ j́ j̃ j̄ j̈ į̀ į́ į̂ į̃ į̄ į̌ ị̀ ị́ ị̂ ị̃ ị̄

    The dot of soft dotted characters should disappear in other cases, for example: i̇ i̛̇ i̛̊ i̛̋ i̤̇ i̤̊ i̤̋ i̦̇ i̦̊ i̦̋ i̧̇ i̧̊ i̧̋ i̮̇ i̮̊ i̮̋ i̱̇ i̱̊ i̱̋ j̆

    Your font does not cover the following languages that require the soft-dotted feature: Dutch (Latn, 31,709,104 speakers), Basaa (Latn, 332,940 speakers), Aghem (Latn, 38,843 speakers), Lithuanian (Latn, 2,357,094 speakers), Ukrainian (Cyrl, 29,273,587 speakers), Belarusian (Cyrl, 10,064,517 speakers), Navajo (Latn, 166,319 speakers), Igbo (Latn, 27,823,640 speakers). [code: soft-dotted]